Minerals are inorganic substances that your body needs for a variety of functions. Your bones and teeth, for instance, need minerals like calcium and phosphorus in order to grow and stay strong. Minerals are also essential components of body fluids and tissues. Without iron, your body won’t be able to create hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to other organs and tissues. Every cell in your body requires oxygen to function.
Minerals can’t be produced by the human body. Therefore, you need to get minerals from the foods that you eat. Fortunately, plants are very good at absorbing minerals from the soil. You can get generous amounts of minerals by eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, and other plant-based foods.
Minerals you should take daily
All minerals play important roles inside your body. While some minerals are only required in small amounts (microminerals or trace minerals), others are needed in large quantities (macrominerals). A balanced diet should provide generous amounts of macrominerals, with smaller quantities of microminerals.
Here are the macrominerals you should be getting from your diet every day:
Sodium
Sodium plays many key roles in your body. For starters, it helps maintain normal fluid levels outside of cells. As an electrically charged mineral (electrolyte), sodium also helps regulate the movement of molecules in and out of cells. In fact, sodium is essential for the transmission of nerve impulses throughout your body as well as the normal contraction of your heart and other muscles. Sodium is also essential for nutrient absorption in the intestine and nutrient reabsorption in the kidneys.
Unlike other minerals, sodium absorption in the small intestine is extremely efficient, and any excess is excreted by the kidneys. However, your kidneys also actively reabsorb sodium as part of their normal physiological function. This is why you only need to get a very small amount of sodium from your diet. Whatever benefits sodium offers are negated when there’s too much of it in your bloodstream.
Chloride
Chloride is one of the most important electrolytes in your blood. This negatively charged ion works with other electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, to help regulate the volume of fluids in your body and maintain the blood’s acid-base balance. Your blood needs the right amount of acidic and basic (alkaline) compounds to function properly. Even the slightest change to your blood’s acid-base balance can have significant effects on your vital organs.
Chloride concentrations in your body typically mirror those of sodium, increasing and decreasing for the same reasons and in direct relation to sodium. That’s because most of the chloride in your body comes from the salt that you eat, which is made up of sodium and chloride ions. Chloride is absorbed in your intestine when you digest food, and any excess is removed from the body through your urine.
Potassium
Potassium is essential for the normal functioning of your cells. It supports healthy heart function, ensures the proper functioning of your muscles and nerves, and is necessary for the synthesis of protein and the metabolism of carbohydrates. Potassium also helps transport nutrients into cells and waste products out of cells. As sodium’s counterpart, potassium helps maintain normal fluid balance inside and outside cells and supports healthy blood pressure levels already within the normal range.
Additionally, potassium helps blunt the negative effects of excess sodium on blood pressure by causing the kidneys to excrete more sodium in the urine and helping blood vessels relax. When your cells pump out sodium to release excess water, they, in turn, accept potassium from outside to maintain the correct sodium to potassium ratio.